Inburgering: A2 or B1 Dutch?
One of the most confusing parts of integration: do you need A2 or B1 Dutch? It depends on when your obligation started. Here's how to know which applies to you.
A2 or B1 — what decides it?
The short answer: the date your integration obligation began. Older obligations fall under the A2 requirement; newer ones target B1. Your DUO/gemeente letter confirms your route.
Which level applies to you
Based on your integration law.
| Your situation | Law | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Obligation before 1 Jan 2022 | Wet inburgering 2013 | A2 |
| Obligation from 1 Jan 2022 | Wet inburgering 2021 | B1 (or A2/Z route) |
| University-bound | 2021 — Onderwijsroute | Varies |
| Language exams not feasible | 2021 — Z-route | Practical |
The three 2021 routes
Your gemeente assigns one.
B1-route
The standard route — reach B1 in all four skills.
Onderwijsroute
For younger newcomers heading into Dutch education.
Z-route
Self-reliance route for those who can't reasonably reach B1.
How to find your required level
Don’t guess — check your official letter from DUO or your gemeente. It states your integration deadline and which route and level apply to you. If you became inburgeringsplichtig on or after 1 January 2022, you’re under the 2021 law (target B1). Before that, the 2013 law (A2) applies. Transitional rules can affect edge cases.
Reach your inburgering level
Dutch Daily builds all four skills for both A2 and B1 — with daily lessons, conversation practice and pronunciation training. Free to start.
Related guides
Frequently asked questions
Do I need A2 or B1 for inburgering?
If your integration obligation started before 1 January 2022, you need A2. From that date, the 2021 law targets B1 (with A2 and Z routes for those who can't reach it). Your DUO/gemeente letter confirms your route.
What is the B1-route?
The standard route under the 2021 Integration Act — you must reach CEFR B1 in reading, listening, writing and speaking, usually via the NT2 staatsexamen.
Can I switch from B1 to A2 route?
Only in specific circumstances, if you can demonstrate B1 isn't reasonably achievable for you. This is decided by your gemeente, not chosen freely.